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Pour faire avancer le schmilblique de praat sur la question soulevée dans http://www.culte.org/listes/biglux/2004-11/msg00096.html NB: excusez-moi pour les quelques anglicismes! :( Sur la fonctionnalité "artword + speaker => sound" de praat, > A ce sujet, avez vous les traductions des mots suivants (ou au moins une > description de leur utilité)? Lungs # poumons http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/meded/Radio/curriculum/Pulmonary/lungs_teach.htm Interarytenoid *OBLIQUE ARYTENOID ORIGIN Muscular process of arytenoid cartilage INSERTION superior pole of opposite arytenoid cartilage ACTION Adducts arytenoid cartilages (closes rima) NERVE Recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve (X http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/meded/grossanatomy/dissector/mml/oary.htm *TRANSVERSE ARYTENOID ORIGIN Posterior surface and muscular process of arytenoid cartilage INSERTION Corresponding surfaces of opposite cartilage ACTION Adducts arytenoid cartilage (closes rima glottidis) NERVE Recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve (X) http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/meded/grossanatomy/dissector/mml/tary.htm Cricothyorid ORIGIN Anterolateral aspect of cricoid cartilage INSERTION Inferior cornu and lower laminar of thyroid cartilage ACTION Lengthens and tenses vocal cords by tilting thyroid cartilage forwards NERVE External branch of superiorlaryngeal branch of vagus nerve (X) http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/meded/grossanatomy/dissector/mml/cry.htm Vocalis Thyoarytenoid ORIGIN Lower posterior surface of angle between laminae of thyroid cartilage INSERTION Vocal process of arytenoid cartilage ACTION Shortens and relaxes vocal cords by medial rotation and protraction of arytenoid cartilage NERVE Recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve (X) http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/meded/grossanatomy/dissector/mml/thar.htm PosteriorCricoarytenoid ORIGIN Posterior aspect of cricoid cartilage INSERTION Muscular process of arytenoid cartilage ACTION Abducts and laterally rotates arytenoid cartilage (opens rima glottidis) NERVE Recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve (X) http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/meded/grossanatomy/dissector/mml/pcay.htm LateralCricoarytenoid ORIGIN Lateral aspect of arch of cricoid INSERTION Muscular process of arytenoid cartilage ACTION Adducts and medially rotates arytenoid cartilage (closes rima glottidis) NERVE Recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve (X) http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/meded/grossanatomy/dissector/mml/lcri.htm Stylohyoid ORIGIN Base of styloid process INSERTION Base of greater cornu of hyoid bone ACTION Elevates and retracts hyoid bone. Aids swallowing and elevates larynx NERVE Mandibular branch of facial nerve (VII) http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/meded/grossanatomy/dissector/mml/styh.htm Sternohyoid ORIGIN Superior lateral posterior aspect of manubrium INSERTION Inferior border of body of hyoid bone ACTION Depresses hyoid bone and hence larynx NERVE Ansa cervicalis nerve (C1, 2, 3) http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/meded/grossanatomy/dissector/mml/steh.htm Thyropharyngeus ??? LowerConstrictor # constricteur bas MiddleConstrictor # constricteur moyen UpperConstrictor # constricteur haut INFERIOR CONSTRICTOR ORIGIN Cricopharyngeus: lateral aspect of arch of cricoid cartilage. Thyropharyngeus: oblique line of laminar of thyroid cartilage and fibrous cricothyroid arch INSERTION Cricopharyngeus: continuous with muscle of opposite side, behind pharynx. Thyropharyngeus : lower pharyngeal raphe ACTION Aids swallowing . Cricopharyngeus acts as upper esophageal sphincter NERVE Pharyngeal plexus (IX, X and sympathetic) via pharyngeal branch of X with its motor fibers from cranial accessory (XI) http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/meded/grossanatomy/dissector/mml/icon.htm SUPERIOR CONSTRICTOR ORIGIN Lower two thirds of medial pterygoid plate, pterygomandibular raphe and posterior end of mylohyoid line on mandible INSERTION Upper midline pharyngeal raphe and pharyngeal tubercle of clivus of occiput ACTION Aids swallowing NERVE Pharyngeal plexus (IX, X and sympathetic) via pharyngeal branch of X with its motor fibers from cranial accessory (XI) http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/meded/grossanatomy/dissector/mml/scon.htm MIDDLE CONSTRICTOR ORIGIN Lower third of stylohyoid ligament, lesser cornu and superior border of greater cornu of hyoid bone INSERTION Middle portion of pharyngeal raphe ACTION Aids swallowing NERVE Pharyngeal plexus (IX, X and sympathetic) via pharyngeal branch of X with its motor fibers from cranial accessory nerve (XI) http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/meded/grossanatomy/dissector/mml/mcon.htm Sphincter ??? Hyoglossus ORIGIN Superior border of greater cornu of hyoid bone INSERTION Lateral sides of tongue ACTION Depresses tongue NERVE Hypoglossal nerve (XII) http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/meded/grossanatomy/dissector/mml/hyog.htm Styloglossus ORIGIN Anterior surface and apex of styloid process and upper quarter of stylohyoid ligament INSERTION Superolateral sides of tongue ACTION Retracts and elevates tongue, aids initiation of swallowing NERVE Hypoglossal nerve (XII) http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/meded/grossanatomy/dissector/mml/stgl.htm Genioglossus ORIGIN Superior mental spine on posterior surface of symphysis menti INSERTION Central mass of tongue and mucous membrane ACTION Protracts tongue NERVE Hypoglossal nerve (XII) http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/meded/grossanatomy/dissector/mml/geng.htm UpperTongue # langue haute LowerTongue # langue basse TransverseTongue # langue transverse VerticalTongue #langue verticale Risorius ORIGIN Deep fascia of face and parotid INSERTION Modiolus and skin at angle of mouth ACTION Retracts angle of mouth NERVE Buccal branch of facial nerve (VII) http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/meded/grossanatomy/dissector/mml/ris.htm OrbicularisOris ORBICULARIS ORIS ORIGIN Near midline on anterior surface of maxilla and mandible and modiolus at angle of mouth INSERTION Mucous membrane of margin of lips and raphe with buccinator at modiolus ACTION Narrows orifice of mouth, purses lips and puckers lip edges NERVE Accessory parts are incisivus labii superioris and inferioris http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/meded/grossanatomy/dissector/mml/oor.htm LevatorPalatini LEVATOR VELI PALATINI ORIGIN Apex of inferior surface of petrous temporal bone and medial rim of auditory tube INSERTION Palatine aponeurosis ACTION Elevates, retracts and lateral deviates soft palate. May open auditory tube on swallowing NERVE Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve (X) with its motor fibers from cranial accessory nerve (XI) http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/meded/grossanatomy/dissector/mml/lvp.htm TensorPalatini TENSOR VELI PALATINI ORIGIN Scaphoid fossa and medial aspect of spine of sphenoid bone INSERTION Palatine aponeurosis (via pulley of pterygoid hamulus) ACTION Tenses soft palate prior to elevation NERVE Nerve to medial pterygoid (main trunk of mandibular nerve (V)) http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/meded/grossanatomy/dissector/mml/tvp.htm Masseter ORIGIN Anterior two thirds of zygomatic arch and zygomatic process of maxilla INSERTION Lateral surface of angle and lower ramus of mandible ACTION Elevates mandible (enables forced closure of mouth) NERVE Anterior division of mandibular nerve (V) http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/meded/grossanatomy/dissector/mml/mass.htm Mylohyoid MYLOHYOID ORIGIN Mylohyoid line on internal aspect of mandible INSERTION Anterior three quarters : midline raphe. posterior quarter: superior border of body of hyoid bone ACTION Elevates hyoid bone, supports and raises floor of mouth. Aids in mastication and swallowing NERVE Mylohyoid nerve (V) http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/meded/grossanatomy/dissector/mml/myl.htm LateralPterygoid LATERAL PTERYGOID ORIGIN Upper head: infratemporal surface of sphenoid bone. Lower head: lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate INSERTION Pterygoid fovea below condyloid process of mandible and intra-articular cartilage of temporomandibular joint ACTION Depresses and protracts mandible to open mouth. Pulls forward cartilage of joint during opening of mouth. Aids in chewing. NERVE Nerves to lateral pterygoid (anterior division of mandibular nerve (V)) http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/meded/grossanatomy/dissector/mml/lpte.htm Buccinator BUCCINATOR ORIGIN External alveolar margins of maxilla and mandible by molar teeth, to maxillary tubercle and pterygoid hamulus and posterior mylohyoid line respectively, then via pterygomandibular raphe between bones INSERTION Decussates at modiolus of mouth and interdigitates with opposite side ACTION Aids mastication, tenses cheeks in blowing and whistling, aids closure of mouth NERVE Buccal branch of facial nerve (VII) http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/meded/grossanatomy/dissector/mml/buc.htm